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Arteriovenous malformations are medical conditions, in which ruptures in defected blood vessels that connect the veins and arteries, occur. The causes of arteriovenous malformation in the intestinal and stomach are not known. However, they are most likely to appear in individuals with the following diseases: liver, kidney, or heart valves; in patients undergoing radiation therapy of the intestine; and in individuals who have connective tissue disorder. Such abnormal vessels are ranging in diameter from the heavy fishing line width to the individual’s little finger width. Abnormal blood vessels are fragile and tend to bleed, in some cases heavily, mostly in elderly. Arteriovenous malformations of the intestine and stomach generally results in blood vomiting or black tarry stool passing. If the bleeding is prolonged or excessive, an individual can progress anemia and other blood loss symptoms. Bleeding incidences often begin without warnings and tend to reoccur. The diagnosis of arteriovenous malformations is determined by an endoscope use. However, arteriovenous malformations can be difficult to confirm, particularly when low output from the heart or low blood number results in partial collapse of blood vessels. The treatment of arteriovenous malformations depends on underlying causes (for instance, kidney transplants, or heart valve operations). All these treatments can eliminate the gastrointestinal bleeding. A surgeon can also seal off the bleedings by blood vessel cauterizing, using an endoscope, but new arteriovenous malformations may progress. The anemia resulted from blood loss may be controlled with iron.
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